Effect of cryotherapy duration on experimentally induced connective tissue inflammation in vivo
Jorge Vera, Mayra Alejandra Castro-Nunez, Maria Fernanda Troncoso-Cibrian, Ana Gabriela Carrillo-Varguez, Edgar Ramiro Mendez Sanchez, Viviana Sarmiento, Lourdes Lanzagorta-Rebollo, Murtaza Hasan, Monica Romero, Yuehua Wu,
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( Jorge Vera ) -
( Mayra Alejandra Castro-Nunez ) -
( Maria Fernanda Troncoso-Cibrian ) -
( Ana Gabriela Carrillo-Varguez ) -
( Edgar Ramiro Mendez Sanchez ) -
( Viviana Sarmiento ) -
( Lourdes Lanzagorta-Rebollo ) -
( Murtaza Hasan ) -
( Monica Romero ) -
( Yuehua Wu ) -
Abstract
Objectives : This study tested the hypothesis that cryotherapy duration influences lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in a rat model.
Materials and Methods : Six Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) were used. Five sites were selected per animal and divided into 5 groups: a negative control group (NC), 2 positive control groups (PC1 and PC2), and 2 experimental groups (E1 and E2). Cryotherapy was applied for 1 minute (E1) or 5 minutes (E2). An acute inflammatory response was induced in the PC and E groups via subcutaneous administration of 0.5 mL/kg. In the PC2 group, a catheter was inserted without additional treatment. For the E1 and E2 groups, 2.5¡ÆC saline solution was administered through the implanted catheters for 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. The rats were sacrificed, and samples were obtained and processed for histological analysis, specifically examining the presence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and hemorrhage. The ¥ö2 test was used to compare the presence of acute inflammation across groups. Dependent variables were compared using the linear-by-linear association test.
Results : Inflammation and hemorrhage varied significantly among the groups (p = 0.001). A significantly higher degree of acute inflammation was detected (p = 0.0002) in the PC and E1 samples than in the E2 group, in which cryotherapy was administered for 5 minutes. The PC and E1 groups also exhibited significantly greater numbers of neutrophils (p = 0.007), which were essentially absent in both the NC and E2 groups.
Conclusions : Cryotherapy administration for 5 minutes reduced the acute inflammation associated with LPS and catheter implantation.
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Cryotherapy; Inflammation; Postoperative pain; Endodontics
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